This observation sparked the idea behind the gestalt principles of perception, which were formulated by Max Wertheimer and two other German psychologists, Kurt Koffka and Wolfgang Köhler. However, the bulbs are simply turning on and off in sequence and don’t move anywhere. To the viewer, the lights appear to move in a circle around the marquee, traveling from one bulb to the next. He noted the similarity to how lights surrounding a movie theater marquee also flash on and off. In 1910, psychologist Max Wertheimer observed a series of lights flashing on and off at a railroad crossing in Germany. Within a few seconds, the image starts to appear much less chaotic and more orderly to the eye, despite the fact that it really is completely random and chaotic. Finally, we might follow the lines in the design, because we instinctually want to seek out elements of continuation in the image. Some of the colors in the design repeat, allowing us to identify and group similar areas of the image by color. This then allows us to divide the image into foreground and background. In the image below, we might begin by separating the paint splatters from the white background. This leads us to see the painting as a whole, rather than individual paint splatters applied to the canvas in a seemingly random fashion. At first glance of the artwork, our mind instantly tries to impose order on the chaos. Take a seemingly chaotic splatter painting as an example. This instinct helps our minds to process things that perhaps are less orderly than we would like. In the past, this instinct towards order probably allowed our ancestors to process complex and sometimes chaotic environments, psychologically creating something more manageable and survivable. In other words, we are constantly trying to impose order and structure on the world around us. Read on to brush up on your gestalt knowledge, discover why humans will always opt for order over chaos, and explore the theory’s six design principles in more detail. Gestalt theory aims to dissect how this behavior manifests in the perception of images. The theory is based on the idea that, as instinctive order-seekers, humans subconsciously impose pattern and structure on visual designs. A theory of psychology that describes how humans perceive visual designs, learn why gestalt theory is vital wisdom for designers and artists.Īlongside the Golden Ratio and the Rule of Thirds, gestalt theory is one of the key theories underpinning visual design.
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